This topic addresses individual PV plants, where plant size can range from a few modules to multi-MW systems. Consequently, this is the place for contributions on systems design, sizing, modelling, performance, and operations. This topic is about integration of PV, e.g., PV integrated into buildings (BIPV), infrastructure integrated PV (I2PV), vehicle integrated PV (VIPV), nature-inclusive PV (‘eco-PV’), and Agri-PV. Furthermore, contributions on floating PV, concentrating PV and specific technical solutions addressing sustainability at system level should also be submitted here. Advances in power electronics for advanced grid functionality are also covered (note that technical developments of power converters at the system component level are dealt with in topic 3.4). The subtopic on solar resources and forecasting is relevant to individual systems and covers scales ranging from the local to large geographical areas. The employment of batteries in stand-alone systems or for local use may form part of systems reported in this topic, but storage related to the comprehensive energy system is dealt with in subtopic 5.1.