This Topic in general addresses single PV plants, where plant size may range from a few modules up to multi-MW. Consequently, this is the place for contributions on systems design, sizing, modelling, performance and operations.
This topic also deals with particular integration of PV, e.g., PV integrated into buildings (BIPV), Infrastructure Integrated PV (I2PV), Vehicle Integrated PV (VIPV), nature-inclusive PV (‘Eco-PV’), and Agri-PV, as well as with floating PV, concentrating PV and PV for space applications. Advances in power electronics for advanced grid functionality are also covered (note that technical developments of power converters at system component level are dealt with in Topic 3.4). The subtopic on solar resources and forecasting is relevant to individual systems, but it covers scales ranging from the local to large geographical areas. The employment of batteries in stand-alone systems or for local use may form part of systems reported in this topic, but storage related to the wider energy system is dealt with in subtopic 5.1.